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An 'Octateuch', Codex Vaticanus Pal. Graec. 746. Byzantine, 12th century
Biblioteca Apostolica, Vatican.

Part I

60v, Races of Noah's Descendants.

92v upper, Esau goes hunting with bow.

120v, Joseph is sold by his brothers to slavers

134r, Joseph brings his father before Pharaoh. Jacob blesses Pharaoh.

134v, Joseph's administration of Egypt.

153r, Pharaoh's wife, the infant Moses and Pharaoh.

189r, Pharaoh's army sets out to pursue the Hebrews.

Part II

334r right, Moses sending the spies to Canaan	351r (upper), Moses and the Israelites Defeat an Enemy Ruler	351r (lower), The Enemy Ruler's Hands are Bound
357v, Israelite Soldiers, Aaron & Moses

447v, The Scouts Report to Joshua about Ai.

450v, Joshua Sends a Small Force to Attack Ai.                       The Israelites are Defeated at Ai.

455r right, Defeated Israelites Return from Ai Joshua Speaks to the Lord

455v, Joshua captures and destroys Ai

456r, Amorite kings brought before Joshua out of the cave of Makkedah Compare with the "Smyrna Octateuch".

469v, Judah Attacks Jerusalem

471v, The Angel of the Lord at Bochim

480v, A Judge Defeats a Foreign Army

Manuscript: Vat.gr.746.pt.1
   1) sec. XII
   2) p. 1-12: Aristea, c. sec. III/II a.C. Aristeae epistola sec. XII
   3) p. 13: Theodoretus, vesc. di Ciro, c. 393-458 Theodoreti praefatio ad Hypatium sec. XII
   4) p. 13v: Gregorius Nyssenus, s., c. 335-c. 394 sec. XII
   5) p. 14-150: in Genesim sec. XII
   6) p. 151-260: in Exodum sec. XII

Manuscript: Vat.gr.746.pt.2
   1) sec. XII (f. 337 suppl. sec. XIV)
   2) p. 151-260: in Exodum sec. XII
   3) p. 260-310: in Leviticum sec. XII
   4) p. 310-374: in Numeros sec. XII
   5) p. 374-438: in Deuteronomium sec. XII
   6) p. 438-468: in Iosue sec. XII
   7) p. 468-502: in Iudices sec. XII
   8) p. 503-508: in Ruth sec. XII

"Octateuch" means the first eight books of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges and Ruth.

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Referenced as figure 220 in The military technology of classical Islam by D Nicolle
220A and 220B. Manuscript, A - "David and Goliath," and "Guards at the Tomb," B - "Judah attacks Jerusalem," Smyrna Octateuch, 10th-11th centuries AD, Byzantine, Bib. Vat. Cod. Gr. 746, ff. 455r, 471v and 469v, Rome (War, Thor A).

[The "Smyrna Octateuch" was destroyed in 1922, but there are photographs. It is not Vat.gr.746.]

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Referenced as figure 85 in Arms and armour of the crusading era, 1050-1350 by Nicolle, David. 1988 edition

Smyrna Octateuque, Byzantine manuscript, 10-11 Cents.
(Vatican Library, Cod. Gr. 746, Rome, Italy)
85A—f.469v “Judah attacks Jerusalem”; 85B—f.120v “Arab trader takes Joseph to Egypt”; 85C—f.447v; 85D-85E—f.453r; 85F—f.455r; 85G—f.354r “sword of an angel”; 85H—f.446r “Joshua with the angel”; 85I—f.153r “Pharoah's guard”; 85J—f.134v “Arab”; 85K—f.189r “Pharoah's army”; 85L-85M—f.455r; 85N—f.480v “Philistine”; 85O-85Q—f.60v “Races of Noah’s descendants, Arabs(?), Asiatics(?), Africans(?)”; 85R-85S—f.471v; 85T—f.134r “Pharoah's guard”. The famous Smyrna Octateuque contains many interesting illustrations of armed and armoured warriors. Figure 85A makes a clear distinction between the Israelites, most of whom are dressed in pseudo-Roman armour and only one of whom wears a lamellar cuirass, and their Jebusite foes. The latter have mail and lamellar armours, tall conical or rounded helmets, a curved sabre and a short bow. As such they probably reflect various Islamic peoples who, like the Jebusites of their day, were still successfully defending Jerusalem against Byzantine attack. Here, as elsewhere in the Smyrna Octateuque a variety of shields are shown. The kite-shaped examples are still relatively small except for Fig. 85T and are similar to the kite-shaped but hand-held shields shown in various eastern European sources in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.