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Illustrations from a
Jacobite-Syrian Lectionary of the Gospels
Monastery of Mar Mattai near Mosul, Iraq, c.1220
Vatican Library, Ms. Syr. 559


This manuscript is written and foliated from right to left.
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.146r left, Women and sleeping guards at the sepulcre
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.139r, Soldiers at the Crucifixion
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.135r, Denial by Peter
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.133r upper, Jesus before the High Priest or Pilate?
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.133r lower, Betrayal of Jesus by Judas
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.29v, Beheading of John the Baptist
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.28r, John the Baptist preaching
Syriac Gospel Syr.559, f.18r, Massacre of the Innocents
Source: Biblioteca Apostolica, Vatican, Ms. sir.559



Referenced as figure 306 in The military technology of classical Islam by D Nicolle
306A to 306F. Manuscript, A - The Betrayal, B - Denial of Peter, C - Beheading of the Baptist, D - Crucifixion, E - John Preaching, F - Massacre of the Innocents, 13th century AD, Syriac Jazīrah, Bib. Vat., Ms. Syr. 559, ff. 133v [133r], 135v [135r], 18v [29v], 139r, 28r and 18r, Rome (Ler S).

Click on a figure to see the source:

p174 Lamellar armour may also have been used in Byzantium in the pre-Islamic era39 (Figs. 90, 91 and 556) but its more widespread adoption after the 7th century clearly reflected Muslim military pressure40 (Figs. 212, 220A, 314, 630 and 637). A smaller but equally common kabadion lamellar cuirass was seen in Byzantium from the 10th century41 (Figs. 227, 242, 249, 314, 414 and 608). This could reflect the changing fashions of eastern Islam, where the lamellar kamaband may have been developed in the 10th century, or it could have been the Byzantine original that stimulated the adoption of this latter Iranian form of armour (Figs. 209, 241, 292, 294, 306, 347, 354, 376, 377, 385, 390, 392, 422, 446, 447 and 641).

39. Haldon, "Some Aspects of Byzantine Military Technology from the 6th to the 10th centuries," p. 20.
40. Ibid., pp. 25-26,29 and 46.
41. Ibid., p 36.



See also Syriac Gospel, 12th century, Ms. Additional 7169, British Library, London
Syriac Gospel, British Library Ms. Additional 7170, London, c.1220
Syriac Gospel Lectionary, Church of the Forty Martyrs, MS 41, 13th century
Other 13th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers