AKTCTA COTCHA BEY. 2 | OSMAN KHAN GAZI IER SULTAN DE L'EMPIRE OTTOMAN. 1 | COKER ALB. 3 |
CHEF DES ENNUQUES NOIRS HOMME DE CONFIANCE DU SULTAN 5 | SULTAN MAHMOUD KHAN GAZI II 4 | PORTE GLAIVE 6 | 1ER VALET DE CHAMBRE DE SULTAN 7 |
EXÉCUTEUR DES HAUTES ŒUVRES 12 | EXÉCUTEUR EN CHEF DES HAUTES ŒUVRES 11 | GRAND VIZIR 8 | LIEUTENANT DES PORTES DU PALAIS 10 | OFFICIER D'ORDCE EN CHEF 9 |
exécuteur des hautes œuvres was the official title of the executioner during the French Revolution. wiktionary |
1ER VALLET DE CHAMBRE DU GRAND CHEF DE LA RELIGION 16 | PROFESSEUR EN CHEF DES SÉMINAIRES TURCS 14 | GRAND CHEF DE LA RELIGION ET GRAND JUGE 13 | GREFFIER DU CHEIKH ULISLAM 15 |
INTRODUCTEUR DES PERSONNES APPELÉES AUPRÈS DU GRAND JUGE 33 | JUGE DE LA VILLE DE LA MECQUE 32 | GRAND JUGE DE ROUMELIE 29 | CHEF DU DÉTACHEMENT PRÈTRES PORTANT LA COULEUR VERTE 30 | JUGE DE CONSTANTINOPLE 31 |
SERGENT ATTACHÉ AU SERVICE DE LA SUBLIME PORTE 43 | CHEF DES HUISSIERS DE LA COUR OTTOMNE. 49 | VICE CHANCELIER CHEF DE BAU. DES DÉPÊCES. DE LA PORTE 40 | RAPPORTEUR DES CONFERENCES 41 | CHEF DE BUREAU 42 |
1ER. VALET DU CONTRÔLEUR GÉNÉRAL DES FINANCES 48 | CONTRÔLEUR GÉNÉRAL DES FINANCES 44 | DÉPOSITAIRE DES ARCHIVES 45 | GRAND DIGNITAIRE CHARGÉ DE TRACER LES CHIFFRES DU SULTAN 46 | DIRECTEUR DE LA MONNAIE. 47 |
OFFICER CHARGÉ DE REPONDRE AUX SALUTATIONS DU GRAND VIZIR 55 | INTRODUCTEUR 56 | CHEF DE VESTIAIRE 57 | 1ER VALET DE CHAMBRE 58 |
EXÉCUTEUR DES FAUTES DISCIPLINAIRES 62 | TATARE PORTEUR DES LETTRES 61 | CHEF DES TATARES PORTEUR DES LETTRES DU GRAND VIZIR 60 | MAITRE DE CÉRÈMONIES DES VIZIRS. 59 |
EXÉCUTEUR DES HAUTES ŒUVRES 67 | CHEF DU DÉTACHEMENT DES EXÉCUTEURS DES HAUTES ŒUVRES 66 | GENDARME CHARGÉ D'EMPECHER L'OUVERTURE DES MAISONS DE TOLÉRANCES 65 | HUISSIER CHARGÉ DE LIRE LA SENTENCE AUX CONDAMNÉS 64 | GENDARME SPECIALEMENT CHARGÉ DE RECHERCHER LES VOLEURS 63 |
Cellat and Cellatbaşı exécuteur des hautes œuvres was the official title of the executioner during the French Revolution. wiktionary |
Death penalty was handled separately. The basic assumption was that a janissary could not commit a crime that deserved death penalty. That’s why whenever a janissary was found guilty of such crime he was expelled from the Ocak and his name in the Ledger was crossed. Once his name was crossed, theoretically the man was neither a Yoldaş nor a janissary anymore and thus he could be executed as an ordinary man.320 Such a criminal was first imprisoned by the Middle-Sergeant [Orta-Çavuş?] and then handed over to Asesbaşı (Police Chief). Asesbaşı would take him to the dungeon of Baba Cafer in Eminönü321 where he would be executed at midnight. His body would then be taken by a boat and dropped into the sea.322 Until the late sixteenth century, a cannon round was fired to mark the death of a janissary, but then this habit was abandoned.323 In times of war, this punishment was executed by a squadron of executioners, “Cellatlar”. They had a special tent called “Leylek Çadırı” (Tent of Storks). The criminals but especially the ones who tried to flee from the battlefield (such an act was regarded to be the severest crime, homicide) were taken there to receive punishment.324
320 Kapıkulu Ocakları, v.1, p.357
321 This building can still be seen to the west of the Galata bridge in Eminönü, Istanbul. It is used as a luxury jewellery store, “Stork’s”.
322 In the sixteenth century this mission was done by the castle guards of Rumeli Hisarı, European Fortress.
323 Eyyubi Efendi, p.48
324 Kapıkulu Ocakları, v.1, p.362
Source: Janissary and Samurai: Early Modern Warrior Classes and Religion by E Küçükyalçin 2007
MAITRES DES CÉRÈMONIES 80 | SECOND CHEF DE MUSIQUE 79 | JOUEUR DE TROMBONE 78 | PREMIER MAITRE DES CÉRÈMONIES 73 | JOUEUR DE NAKARE (SORTE DE PETITE TIMBALE) 77 | CHEF DE MUSIQUE 74 | 1ER CYMBALIER 75 | JOUEUR DE CLARINETTE 76 |
Arif Pacha
RA Collection: Book
Record number: 05/1330
Author: Arif Pacha
Variant Title: Medjmouaï teçavir
Imprint: Imprimé En Couleur Par Lemercier,, Paris. Prix 40 Fs. en noir Prix 80 Fs. en couleurs.: [1863]
Physical Description: [2], 47, [1] p., frontis. (port.), 16 pl.; 562 mm.
Contents: [T.p., frontis. (port.)] - Biographie De L'Auteur [to 1863] - Préface Traduite Du Texte Turc - Origine De L'Empire Ottoman - [Plates].
Responsibility Note: The frontispiece portrait of Arif Pacha is signed in the plate, 'Julien.M. Lith.' The numbered plates are all signed in the plate 'AS' (or 'AD'?), apart from pl. 5, which is signed 'AP' and pl. 3, and 10, which are unsigned.
The frontispiece and each numbered plate carry the imprint of Lemercier.
Summary Note: No publication-date is given on the title-page. In the Préface the author states, 'J'ai entrepris, l'an 1279 ... (1863 ...) la publication des Volumes I, II et III, en donnant pour titre à mon livre: Medjmouaï teçavir (collection de costumes) ... L'ouvrage complet se composera de douze volumes ...'. Lipperheide states that no more were published. According to Colas, the work was also published in Turkish.
The text, 'Origine De L'Empire Ottoman', is a brief chronological description of the costumes shown in the plates, where they are assigned numbers keying them to this survey. Each plate is captioned in Turkish and French. They show public officers of the Turkish state, before the suppression of the Janissaries in 1826 by Sultan Mahmud II.
Provenance: Purchased for RA Library in 1880 (see RA Annual Report for 1880, p. 42).
Source: Royal Academy, London
See also: Illustrations of Ottomans by Jean Brindesi, 1855 Ottoman Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers in the 15th to 19th Centuries Index of Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers |